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The Critical Differences

Dr. Mohamad Taha is an interventional cardiologist affiliated with Prime Healthcare-Roxborough Memorial Hospital and Suburban Community Hospital.Dr. Shahzad Ahmed is board certified in several specialties, including interventional cardiology. Here, they discuss how heart attacks in women present different challenges and solutions than those in men.

How do red flags for heart attacks differ for women compared to men? Dr. Shahzad Ahmed: While chest pain is often recognized as a classic symptom of a heart attack or coronary artery disease, women may experience a broader spectrum of symptoms. These can include shortness of breath, a sense of heaviness in the chest, heartburn, extreme fatigue, dizziness, anxiety and swelling in the legs. This variation in symptoms can sometimes lead to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment in women, as their presentations may not align with the traditional male-centric understanding of heart attacks. Therefore, it is crucial for women to be vigilant about these atypical signs and to advocate for their health by seeking medical attention if they experience any concerning symptoms.

What red flags need to be addressed immediately? What signs and symptoms should women keep an eye on or ask their doctor about? SA: Immediate attention is critical for certain red flags that may indicate a serious health issue. Women should seek prompt medical evaluation if they experience new-onset chest pain, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, or palpitations. These symptoms can be indicative of a heart attack or other cardiovascular emergencies, and timely intervention can be lifesaving. Dr. Mohamad Taha: Conversely, subtler signs such as extreme fatigue, mild chest pressure, or discomfort resembling indigestion may not necessitate immediate action but should still be taken seriously. While these symptoms can sometimes wait for a scheduled evaluation, they should prompt a conversation with a cardiologist, particularly for individuals living in high-stress environments or regions with health disparities, such as Philadelphia.

What should women do to proactively address their risk of heart attack? SA: First and foremost, regular screenings for high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol are essential. If you smoke, seeking support to quit is critical, as smoking significantly increases cardiovascular risk. Your doctor may recommend tests such as coronary calcium screening, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein tests, or a comprehensive lipid panel to evaluate additional risk factors. Understanding your family history is also crucial, as a hereditary predisposition can influence your risk. MT: Consider implementing several impactful lifestyle modifications. Prioritizing stress management techniques, such as mindfulness and relaxation exercises, can significantly enhance cardiovascular health. Adopting a Mediterranean diet-characterized by an abundance of whole grains, fresh fruits and healthy fats-has also proven to be highly beneficial. Additionally, incorporating regular physical activity into your routine plays a key role in heart health. These holistic approaches can collectively lead to substantial improvements in heart attack risk reduction.